1500t/d回轉(zhuǎn)窯水泥生產(chǎn)線工藝介紹(國內(nèi)外優(yōu)質(zhì)的水泥生產(chǎn)線總包商——江蘇鵬飛集團股份有限公司。)
1.生產(chǎn)規(guī)模、生產(chǎn)方法與水泥品種Production scale, production method and cement types
1.1生產(chǎn)方法 Production method
干法生產(chǎn)，設(shè)置一條φ3.5×54m帶窯外分解爐五級旋風(fēng)預(yù)熱器回轉(zhuǎn)窯生產(chǎn)線。
The production method is dry process. A rotary kiln(φ3.5×54m) production line with five-stage cyclone pre-heater and decomposition furnace will be adopted.
1.2生產(chǎn)能力及工廠規(guī)模Production scale and capacity
燒成系統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)能力為日產(chǎn)熟料1500噸，摻加石膏后工廠年產(chǎn)硅酸鹽水泥500000噸。
The production capacity is 1500t/d for clinker, while 500,000t/a for Portland cement when mixed with gypsum.
1.3 水泥品種 Cement types
本技術(shù)和設(shè)備可生產(chǎn)符合中國水泥標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB175-1999中的硅酸鹽水泥,其強度為32.5MP、42.5MP，可根據(jù)市場需要進行調(diào)節(jié)。
The technology and equipment adopted can produce 32.5MP and 42.5MP types of cement in accordance with Chinese Standard GB175-1999. They can be adjusted according to market demand.
2.原料燃料與配料
2.1.Raw materials properties chemical composition
|
Name
|
L.O.I
|
SiO2
|
Al2O3
|
Fe2O3
|
CaO
|
Mgo
|
K2O
|
Na2O
|
SO3
|
Cl-
|
Water
content
|
Density
t/m3
|
|
Limestone
|
39.27
|
7.17
|
2.93
|
1.25
|
46.94
|
1.03
|
0.13
|
0.23
|
|
0.009
|
0.45
|
|
|
Shale
|
21.89
|
36.14
|
10.39
|
3.27
|
22.03
|
0.8
|
0.99
|
0.33
|
|
0.015
|
0.46
|
|
|
Silica
|
0.10
|
95.5
|
1.00
|
0.20
|
0.90
|
0.50
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gypsum
|
|
1.40
|
0.60
|
0.20
|
30.52
|
0.05
|
0.10
|
0.10
|
47.10
|
|
18.70
|
|
|
iron
|
11.5
|
30.56
|
22.12
|
26.91
|
1.12
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.2Fuel燃料
The technical property of mazut：Min. value is ≥9000 kcal/kg(37620kJ/kg)
The S content of mazut： 2.5 %.
2.3配料計算
本生產(chǎn)線采用一臺Ф3.5×54m五級旋風(fēng)預(yù)熱器帶分解爐回轉(zhuǎn)窯，熟料臺時產(chǎn)量62.5t/h，熟料熱耗850Kcal/kg （3552.0KJ/kg）熟料，根據(jù)所列各種原料化學(xué)成分進行配料計算。
配料計算
⑴ 熟料熱耗指標(biāo)：
熟料單位熱耗：850Kcal/kg.cl 熟料實物重油：960kg/t.cl
⑵ 熟料率值設(shè)計指標(biāo)： KH=0.89±0.02 SM=2.6±0.1 IM=1.5±0.1
⑶ 原料配合比例：
針對業(yè)主提供的原料進行配比不能滿足配料要求，需要增加鐵質(zhì)原料，鑒于業(yè)主沒有提供相關(guān)鐵質(zhì)原料，配料中設(shè)定鐵質(zhì)原料成分進行配料。擬采用石灰石、粘土、砂、鐵粉四組份配料。
According to raw material and fuel conditions, the following materials will be used for material blending: limestone, Silica, and iron powder.
|
Proportional ratio of raw material原料配比（%）
|
|
Limestone石灰石
|
粘土 clay
|
Sand砂
|
鐵礦石iron
|
|
89.00
|
0
|
9.45
|
4.2
|
⑷ 生料、熟料化學(xué)成分
|
名稱
|
LOSS
|
SiO2
|
Al2O3
|
Fe2O3
|
CaO
|
MgO
|
K2O+N2O
|
SO3
|
Cl-
|
|
生料
|
35.440
|
14.159
|
3.505
|
2.056
|
41.885
|
0.950
|
0.018
|
0.033
|
0.049
|
|
熟料
|
|
21.311
|
5.225
|
3.196
|
63.041
|
1.430
|
|
|
|
⑸ 熟料礦物組成
|
C3S
|
C2S
|
C3A
|
C4AF
|
|
53.42
|
20.79
|
8.62
|
10.32
|
⑹ 熟料率值：KH=0.886 SM=2.53 IM=1.64
⑺ 熟料理論料耗：熟料理論料耗為1.556噸生料/噸熟料
⑻ 物料平衡
物料平衡計算，根據(jù)回轉(zhuǎn)窯臺時產(chǎn)量62.50噸，年運轉(zhuǎn)率82%，熟料實際料耗1.620噸生料/噸熟料，熟料燒成系統(tǒng)單位熱耗840Kcal/kg.cl（3511.0KJ/kg），燃料熱值9000 kcal/kg(37620kJ/kg)等工藝指標(biāo)和配料計算中的原料配合比例進行，物料平衡計算結(jié)果列于表一：
3. 工藝設(shè)計特點Main technical characteristics
3.1 為保證系統(tǒng)運轉(zhuǎn)率，提高產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)、質(zhì)量，設(shè)計中大量選用了具有二十世紀(jì)九十年代先進水平的新設(shè)備、新工藝，以提高生產(chǎn)線的裝備水平，確保設(shè)計指標(biāo)的實現(xiàn)。如新型五級旋風(fēng)預(yù)熱預(yù)分解系統(tǒng)、高效空氣梁篦冷機，節(jié)能型多通道噴煤管，戴維森高溫風(fēng)機，魯奇最新技術(shù)生產(chǎn)的電收塵（BS930）等，輸送設(shè)備采用了耐用、節(jié)電的板鏈提升機、鏈?zhǔn)捷斔蜋C，將使本工程的裝備在同規(guī)模生產(chǎn)線中處于領(lǐng)先水平。
This production line adopts advanced technology and equipment in 1990s to raise technical level and to ensure design indexes. New five-stage cyclone pre-heater system, high efficiency air girder grate cooler, multi-passage pulverized coal burner, Davison heat temperature fan, Luqi BS930 electrical dust collector, as well as chain-board elevator, chain conveyor adopted in this production line can ensure that the technology is advanced compared to other production lines with the same scale.
3.2 在保證生產(chǎn)線的完整性、生產(chǎn)的連續(xù)性和可靠性的前提下，力求簡化生產(chǎn)工藝流程，以便于生產(chǎn)管理，減少生產(chǎn)事故點，降低投資。
If it has not bad influences on completeness，continuity and reliability, process procedures will be simplified to enhance production management, reduce troubles and lower investment.
3.3 工藝布置上，簡化設(shè)備廠房，減少建筑面積 Simplifying houses for equipment to decrease building area
庫頂露天布置；高溫風(fēng)機露天布置；帶式輸送機通廊不設(shè)屋頂，用玻璃鋼防雨罩防雨；取消提升機樓；收塵器露天放置。
Top of silos are without covers, heat temperature fan and dust collectors are open arranged and glass fiber rainproof covers instead of roofs will be set for belt conveyor passages. There will be no building for bucket elevator.
對各種原料、半成品和成品，在滿足正常生產(chǎn)要求的前提下，合理減少儲存期，并盡量采用堆棚儲存。土建費用大幅度降低。
If it has not bad influences on normal production, by properly reducing storage periods for all raw materials, semi-product and finished product and adopting shed to store those materials and products, civil engineering costs will be greatly reduced.
改進窯尾工藝布置，窯尾預(yù)熱器塔架設(shè)計為鋼結(jié)構(gòu)，既可加快施工安裝進度，節(jié)省投資，又可美化建筑。
Frame for pre-heater at kiln inlet will adopt steel structure to save investment, accelerate erection speed and beautify building.
3.4 充分考慮節(jié)能、降耗，生料入窯使用節(jié)能型的板鏈?zhǔn)教嵘龣C和空氣輸送斜槽，提高了系統(tǒng)的運行可靠性，降低了輸送能耗。
Measures have been taken to save energy and reduce consumption. using chain-board elevator and air slides, reliability of the system is enhanced and conveying energy consumption is decreased.
3.5 加強計量。除生料配料采用電子皮帶秤計量外，各進廠原料、入窯生料、入窯煤粉、出窯熟料、出庫熟料都設(shè)置了相應(yīng)的專用計量設(shè)備，為工廠的科學(xué)管理提供了依據(jù)。
All necessary parts will adopt measuring equipment to guarantee scientific management. For example, there are measuring equipment at those parts such as raw meal blending, raw materials entering into plant, raw meal feeding to kiln, pulverized coal feeding to kiln, clinker outgoing kiln and clinker outgoing silos.
3.6 保護環(huán)境，采取有效措施嚴(yán)格控制排放廢氣的含塵濃度在規(guī)定范圍內(nèi)。在生產(chǎn)工序中的各揚塵點，針對不同的廢氣特性，設(shè)置與之相應(yīng)的新型高效專用收塵設(shè)備。
Effective measures have been taken to guarantee strict environment protection standards. Different efficient dust collectors are set at all dust producing points according to different characteristics of waste gas.
4.技術(shù)方案Technical plan
4.1 生產(chǎn)工藝Production process
4.1.1 生產(chǎn)規(guī)模、生產(chǎn)方法與產(chǎn)品方案Production scale, production method and product plan
本項目采用新型干法生產(chǎn)工藝，建設(shè)一條日產(chǎn)1500噸熟料的新型干法水泥生產(chǎn)線。采用φ3.5×54m回轉(zhuǎn)窯煅燒，窯尾采用帶五級旋風(fēng)預(yù)熱器和分解爐的預(yù)熱分解系統(tǒng)。
A new dry process production line with capacity of 1500t clinker per day will be built. A rotary kiln(φ3.5×54m) will be used as burning equipment. Five-stage cyclone pre-heater and decomposition furnace will be adopted at kiln inlet.
4.1.2 主機設(shè)備選型和主要生產(chǎn)設(shè)施配置Selection of main equipment and production facilities
4.1.2.1 石灰石破碎Limestone crushing
石灰石破碎選用單段錘式破碎機，本破碎機適用于破碎中等強度的脆性礦石，如石灰石、泥灰?guī)r、頁巖、石膏和煤等，入料粒度大，可一次將大塊原礦破碎到符合入磨粒度。此外，由于本機采用順向排料篦子，對礦石中的水分和泥土有更強的適應(yīng)性。本機具有特殊的進鐵保護，對混入機內(nèi)不能破碎的金屬異物，將反彈到給料機上，操作人員可根據(jù)異樣金屬聲停機處理。
Single-stage hammer crusher is used for limestone crushing. This type of crusher is suitable in crushing medium strength ore such as limestone, marlite, slag, gypsum and coal. It can crush big ore to required size. Moreover, it can crush ore which has moisture and earth in it because it adopts discharging grates in the same direction. It has special iron feeding protection device, which can rebound the uncrushed metals to the feeder, so the operator can stop it if he hears peculiar sound to deal with this matter.
本項目石灰石破碎采用TKPC16.18單段錘式破碎機，給料粒度800mm，生產(chǎn)能力250t/h，年利用率25.51％。
Limestone crushing will adopt TKPC16.18 single-stage hammer crusher adopted. Feeding size is 800mm, production capacity is 380t/h and annual usage rate is25.51％.
4.1.2.2 生料粉磨Raw meal grinding
對1500t/d生產(chǎn)線而言，生料粉磨可供選擇的有HRM2800m立磨粉磨系統(tǒng)。
For 1500t/d cement production line, available raw mill system is HRM2800m mill system.
4.1.2.3 生料均化與儲存Raw meal homogenizing and storage
本設(shè)計采用一座集生料儲存、均化于一體的φ15×50mMF均化庫，生料儲量6500t，儲存期2.86d。
φ15×50mMF silo both can homogenize and store raw meal will be adopted. Its capacity is 6500t and storage period is 2.86days.
4.1.2.3 燒成系統(tǒng) Clinkering system
熟料燒成采用一套單列五級CDC預(yù)分解系統(tǒng)、φ3.5×54m回轉(zhuǎn)窯和第三代新型空氣梁篦式冷卻機等設(shè)備組成的窯外分解煅燒系統(tǒng)。日產(chǎn)熟料1500t/d，熟料燒成熱耗840Kcal/kg （3511.0KJ/kg），入窯生料的碳酸鈣分解率大于90%。系統(tǒng)廢氣余熱用于烘干原料和原煤。
A five-stage cyclone pre-heater system with CDC, φ3.5×54m rotary kiln and new air girder grate cooler, etc will be adopted for clinker preparation. The capacity is 1700t clinker per day. Clinkering heat consumption is 840Kcal/kg （3511.0KJ/kg）. Decomposition degree of CaCO3 is larger than 90%. Extra heat of waste gas is used for drying raw materials and raw coal.
熟料冷卻采用引進技術(shù)、中國制造的新型第三代空氣梁篦冷機，篦床有效面積為61.8m2，產(chǎn)量62.5t/h，出冷卻機的熟料溫度為環(huán)境溫度＋65℃。
The new type air girder grate cooler manufactured in China with imported technology will be adopted for clinker cooling. Effective area of grate bed is 61.8m2. Output is 62.50t/h. Outgoing temperature of clinker is 65℃ higher than ambient temperature.
4.1.2.4水泥粉磨Cement grinding
本項目水泥粉磨選用兩臺φ3.5×13m管磨，配置N-1500型O-SEPA高效空氣選粉機組成圈流粉磨系統(tǒng)，臺時產(chǎn)量50t/h。
Twoφ3.5×13m model tube cement mills equipped with N-1500 model O-SEPA air separator will be adopted for cement grinding. Its capacity is 50t/h per set
4.1.3工藝主機設(shè)備表List of main equipment
|
序號
No
|
項目名稱
Name of item
|
設(shè)備名稱、規(guī)格及技術(shù)性能
Name, specification and performance
|
生產(chǎn)能力
(t/h.臺)
Capacity
(t/h per set)
|
臺數(shù)
Quantity (Set)
|
年利用率(%)
Annual running percentage rate
|
備注
Remarks
|
|
1
|
石灰石
破 碎
Limestone crushing
|
重型板式給料機
Heavy type apron feeder
規(guī) 格：B1250×11500mm
Specification: B1250×11500mm
給料粒度：800mm
Feeding size: 800mm
功 率：30kW
Power: 30kW
|
200～350
|
1
|
25.51
|
|
|
單段錘式破碎機
Single-stage hammer crusher
型 號：TKPC16.18
Model: TKPC16.18
給料粒度：800mm
Feedingsize: 800mm
出料粒度：≤25mm
Outgoing size: ≤25mm
功 率：355kW
Power: 355kW
|
250
|
1
|
25.51
|
|
2
|
石灰石預(yù)均化
Limestone pre-homogenizing
|
混合堆取料機Stacker-Reclaimer
軌距: 24m
Distance between rails: 24m
總裝機容量: 142kW
Total installed power: 142kW
堆料機Stacker
堆料方式: 連續(xù)合成式
Stacking method: continuous
堆料層數(shù): >400層
Stacking layers: >400
取料機Reclaimer
取料形式: 全斷面取料
Reclaiming method: section reclaiming
|
堆料能力:
Stacking capacity:
600t/h
取料能力:
Reclaiming capacity: 250t/h
|
1
|
|
|
|
3
|
生料粉磨
Raw meal grinding
|
立磨mill
規(guī) 格：HRM2800mm
Specification: HRM2800mm
入磨粒度：≤40mm
Feeding size: ≤40mm
成品細(xì)度：0.080mm方孔篩篩余12%
Fineness of finished product: 12%
(remainder above 0.080mm hole screen)
入磨水分：≤6%
Feeding moisture: ≤6%
出磨水分：≤0.5%
Outgoing moisture: ≤0.5%
電機功率：1250 kW
Power: 1250kW
|
130
|
1
|
60.90
|
|
|
4
|
窯、磨廢氣處理
Treatment of waste gas of kiln inlet
and mill
|
增濕塔Humidity tower
規(guī) 格：Φ7.5×26m
Specification: Φ7.5×26m
處理風(fēng)量: 400000m3/h
Air capacity: 400000m3/h
進口風(fēng)溫: 340℃
Feeding air temperature: 340℃
出口風(fēng)溫: 150-220℃
Outgoing air temperature:
150-220℃
|
|
1
|
82.19
|
|
|
高溫風(fēng)機High temperature fan
流 量: 400000m3/h
Flow: 400000m3/h
全 壓: 7500Pa
Total pressure: 7500Pa
使用溫度：340℃（瞬時450℃）
Operation temperature: 340℃ (instant temperature 450℃)
轉(zhuǎn) 速: 1450r/min
Rotary speed: 1450r/min
電機功率: 1250kW
Power: 1250kW
|
|
1
|
82.19
|
|
|
2350DIBB24高溫風(fēng)機
處理風(fēng)量:300000m3/h 7500 Pa
c.BS930型電收塵器：
處理煙氣量:400000m3/h
入口粉塵濃度: ≤80g/Nm2
出口粉塵濃度: ≤50mg
|
|
1
|
82.19
|
|
|
窯尾廢氣風(fēng)機
Waste gas fan at kiln inlet
流 量: 420000m3/h
Flow: 420000m3/h
全 壓: 1500Pa
Total pressure: 1500Pa
使用溫度：150℃
Operation temperature: 150℃
電機功率:355kW
Power: 355kW
|
|
1
|
82.19
|
|
|
5
|
燒成窯尾
Kiln inlet
|
五級旋風(fēng)預(yù)熱器及分解爐系統(tǒng)
Five-stage cyclone pre-heater and decomposition furnace system
C1：2-Φ4300mm
C2：1-Φ5600mm
C3：1-Φ5600mm
C4：1-Φ5900mm
C5：1-Φ5900mm
分解爐：Φ6300mm
decomposition furnace:
Φ6300mm
|
62.50
|
1
|
82.19
|
|
|
6
|
窯 中
Kiln middle
|
回轉(zhuǎn)窯 Rotary kiln
規(guī) 格：Φ3.5×54m
Specification: Φ4×60m
斜 度: 4%
Inclination: 4%
轉(zhuǎn) 速: 0.4～3.96r/min
Rotary speed: 0.4～3.96r/min
電機功率: 220kW(直流調(diào)速)
Power: 220kW (DC speed adjusting)
|
62.50
|
1
|
82.19
|
|
|
7
|
窯頭熟料冷卻
Kiln head clinker cooling
|
空氣梁篦冷機
Air girder grate cooler
型 號：LBTF1700
Model: LBTF1700
|
62.50
|
1
|
82.19
|
|
|
8
|
水泥粉磨
Cement grinding
|
管磨機 Tube mill
規(guī) 格：Φ3.5×13m
Specification: Φ3.5×13m
成品細(xì)度: 320m2/kg
Fineness of finished product: 320m2/kg
主電機功率: 2000kW
Main motor power: 2000kW
|
50
|
2
|
58.59
|
|
|
選粉機 Air separator
型 號：O-Sepa1500
Model: O-Sepa2000
風(fēng) 量：1500m3/min
Air capacity: 1500m3/min
|
|
2
|
58.59
|
|
9
|
水泥包裝
Cement packing
|
八嘴回轉(zhuǎn)式包裝機
Eight-spout rotary packer
計量精度：±0.25kg/包
Accuracy: ±0.25kg per bag
|
90
|
2
|
34.18
|
|
4.1.4 生產(chǎn)工藝過程Process procedures
4.1.4.1 石灰石破碎及預(yù)均化Limestone crushing and pre-homogenizing
石灰石破碎站設(shè)在廠區(qū)，采用單段破碎系統(tǒng)，其工藝流程為：礦區(qū)開采的石灰石由汽車運輸進廠，卸入破碎站內(nèi)石灰石料倉，經(jīng)料倉下可調(diào)速的重型板式給料機喂入TKPC16.18錘式破碎機進行破碎，破碎機額定產(chǎn)量為250噸/時，破碎后的礦石（粒度≤25mm）由出料帶式輸送機輸送入石灰石預(yù)均化堆場進行預(yù)均化和儲存。預(yù)均化好后石灰石帶式輸送機送入配料庫。
Limestone crushing workshop is set inside the plant, which adopting single-stage crushing system. Limestone exploited in mining area will be transported into plant by trucks and unloaded into hopper in the limestone crushing workshop, and then fed onto TKPC16.18 hammer crusher by speed-governable heavy apron feeder. Rated capacity of crusher is 250t/h. Crushed limestone (size:≤25mm) will be fed onto the limestone pre-homogenizing stockyard by belt conveyor. Then the limestone will be fed onto material blending bin by belt conveyor.
為避免粉塵污染，破碎車間設(shè)有氣箱脈沖袋收塵器一臺，抽取破碎機及帶式輸送機下料處的含塵氣體，經(jīng)收塵器凈化后的氣體由排風(fēng)機排入大氣。
To avoid dust pollution, an impulse bag filter will be used to collect dust from crusher and discharging points of belt conveyor. Purified air will be drained to the atmosphere.
4.1.4.2粘土、砂、石膏及鐵粉、混合材輸送 Crushing of slag, gypsum; Conveying of iron powder and admixture
由汽車運入廠區(qū)的粘土、石膏等生產(chǎn)輔助原料，分別卸入破碎站料倉內(nèi)，經(jīng)料倉下可調(diào)速的板式喂料機喂入破碎機進行破碎，破碎后的物料由出料帶式輸送機轉(zhuǎn)運至輔助原料堆場。
clay and gypsum will be transported into plant by trucks and unloaded into different bins in the crushing station, and then fed onto crusher by speed-governable apron feeder. Crushed materials will be fed onto auxiliary materials stockyard by belt conveyor.
鐵粉、混合材經(jīng)破碎系統(tǒng)輸送皮帶機送入輔助原料堆場。
Iron powder and admixture will be fed onto auxiliary materials stockyard by belt conveyor.
4.1.4.3 原料配料Raw material blending
配料站內(nèi)設(shè)一座φ8×14m圓倉儲存石灰石；另設(shè)置三座配料倉，儲存粘土、砂、鐵粉，儲量分別為360t和150t。參與配料的粘土、砂、鐵粉和石灰石分別由庫底調(diào)速鏈板機、電子皮帶秤按設(shè)定的配比卸出，經(jīng)帶式輸送機送至生料磨。
Four bins will be set for material blending: one for limestone (φ8×14m), one for clay(capacity: 360t)、sand (capacity: 360t) and one for iron powder (capacity: 150t). Speed-governable chain-board conveyors and electric belt balances will be used at the bottom of material blending bins. Materials with required proportion will be fed onto the raw mill by belt conveyor.
由多元素?zé)晒夥治鰞x和微機組成的生料質(zhì)量控制系統(tǒng)，可自動分析出磨生料成分，并根據(jù)分析結(jié)果和設(shè)定的目標(biāo)值自動調(diào)節(jié)電子皮帶秤轉(zhuǎn)速以控制各原料的下料量，確保出磨生料成分合格
Raw meal quality control system consists of fluorescent light analyzer and computer. It can automatically analyze raw meal composition and automatically adjust rotary speed of chain-board conveyors and electric belt balance according to analysis result and target value, so that discharging amount of each kind of material can be controlled.
4.1.4.4生料粉磨及廢氣處理Raw meal grinding and treatment of waste gas
來自庫底皮帶輸送機的配合原料，經(jīng)磨頭鎖風(fēng)裝置喂入HRM2800立磨粉磨，出磨成品由旋風(fēng)分離器收集經(jīng)鏈?zhǔn)捷斔蜋C、斗式提升機送至生料均化庫，磨尾廢氣至窯尾電收塵器凈化處理，然后排入大氣。磨機生產(chǎn)能力：當(dāng)產(chǎn)品細(xì)度為0.08方孔篩篩余≤12%，入磨物料粒度≤40mm。水分入磨時≤6 %，出磨時小于0.5%，臺時產(chǎn)量為130噸，入磨氣體溫度控制≤350℃，熱源利用廢氣。生料磨的年運轉(zhuǎn)率為60.9%。烘干熱源來自窯尾高溫風(fēng)機排出的部分廢氣。
Proportioned raw material will be fed onto the raw mill by belt conveyor. The mill is middle-discharging drying mill which can dry material and grind material. Its capacity is 150t/h. Drying heat is from waste hot gas drained by high temperature fan at kiln inlet. Gas temperature is 300℃. Drying heat is from waste hot gas drained by high temperature fan at kiln inlet.
4.1.4.5窯、磨廢氣處理Treatment of waste gas of kiln and mill
窯尾預(yù)熱器的廢氣，經(jīng)高溫風(fēng)機排出，一部分送至原料粉磨作烘干熱源，其余部分經(jīng)增濕塔調(diào)質(zhì)后，與原料磨排出的廢氣匯合，進入袋收塵器凈化，由排風(fēng)機排入大氣。當(dāng)原料磨停運時，窯尾預(yù)熱器排出的廢氣則全部進入增濕塔。廢氣處理系統(tǒng)收下的粉塵經(jīng)鏈運機、提升機等輸送設(shè)備送入生料均化庫或生料稱重倉；當(dāng)增濕塔工作不正常，收下的窯灰水分過大時，增濕塔下面的螺旋輸送機反轉(zhuǎn)可將濕窯灰排出，再由人工用小車推走。
Waste gas from the pre-heater will be drained by high temperature fan. Some of it will be sent to raw material grinding section as drying heat. The other part will be adjusted by humidification tower, then mix with waste gas drained from raw mill and purified by bag filter, after that, it will be drained to the atmosphere by fan. When the raw mill is stops, all the waste gas from the pre-heater will be sent to humidity tower. Dust collected by waste gas treatment system will be fed to raw meal homogenizing silo or raw meal weighing bin by chain conveyor and elevator. When working of humidity tower is not normal and collected kiln dust has much moisture, screw conveyor under humidity tower will reverse and drain out wet kiln dust. Manual car will move away the dust.
在系統(tǒng)布置上，窯、磨廢氣處理系統(tǒng)與生料磨和預(yù)熱器塔架呈環(huán)狀矩形布置，排廢氣的鋼煙囪依附在預(yù)熱器塔架上，不但布置緊湊、占地少，而且廢氣管道短，節(jié)省投資。
Waste gas treatment system, raw mill and pre-heater frame are rectangular arranged. Steel chimney is attached to pre-heater frame. The arrangement is compact and earth saving. Moreover, waste gas pipe is short, so investment can be saved.
4.1.4.6生料均化Raw meal homogenizing
設(shè)置一座儲量為6500噸的φ15×50m多股流（MF）均化庫儲存、均化生料。從生料磨來的合格生料由提升機送至多股流(MF)生料均化庫頂，經(jīng)庫頂生料分配器分流后呈放射狀從庫頂多點下料，使庫內(nèi)料層幾乎呈水平狀分層堆放，出料則由庫底充氣系統(tǒng)分區(qū)供給松動空氣，豎向取料后進入庫底混合室。卸料時，向兩個相對的料區(qū)充氣，生料受氣力松動并在重力作用下在各卸料點上方形成小漏斗流，生料在自上而下的流動過程中進行重力混合的同時，各卸料孔漏入卸料槽的生料從不同的半徑位置上向庫中心室流動，在流動過程中進行著徑向混合，各卸料槽流入中心室的生料在充氣的作用下再獲得一次流態(tài)化混合，進入庫底混合室后，在混合室內(nèi)進一步充氣攪拌混合均化。出庫合格生料經(jīng)空氣輸送斜槽、斗式提升機送入設(shè)在庫頂?shù)纳衔沽蟼}，出喂料倉的生料經(jīng)計量后，用斜槽和斗式提升機直接喂入預(yù)熱器系統(tǒng)。
A MF raw meal homogenizing silo (size:φ15×50m, storage capacity: 6500t ) is set. Qualified raw meal from raw mill will be sent to top of raw meal homogenizing silo by bucket elevator and discharged by silo top distributor. At the bottom of silo, raw meal will be loosened by aeration system and then discharged to mixing bin under silo. Raw meal will be further loosened and homogenized in the mixing bin. Qualified raw meal will be fed to raw meal weighing bin at the top of silo by air slide and bucket elevator. Weighed raw meal will be fed to pre-heater by air slide and bucket elevator.
均化所用高壓空氣由庫底羅茨風(fēng)機提供。
High pressure air for homogenizing is supplied by Roots blower under homogenizing silo.
4.1.4.7窯尾預(yù)分解及熟料煅燒系統(tǒng)Kiln inlet pre-decomposition and clinker burning system
熟料煅燒采用φ3.5×54m回轉(zhuǎn)窯，窯尾設(shè)有單系列五級低壓損型旋風(fēng)預(yù)熱器和CDC型分解爐，熟料燒成熱耗850Kcal/kg.cl（3552.0KJ/kg），日產(chǎn)水泥熟料1500噸。
A rotary kiln (Ф3.5×54m), low-pressure-loss five-stage cyclone pre-heater and CDC decomposition furnace are adopted for clinkering. Clinker capacity is 1500t/d, clinker heat consumption: 840Kcal/kg.cl（3511.0KJ/kg）. Coal usage ratio of kiln and decomposition furnace is 40:60. Apparent decomposition rate of raw meal feeding to kiln is about 90～95%.
來自均化庫的合格生料計量后進入預(yù)熱器，逐級預(yù)熱后進入分解爐，分解后的生料再進入回轉(zhuǎn)窯內(nèi)煅燒。分解爐所用的三次風(fēng)來自窯頭罩。
Weighed raw meal will be fed to pre-heater. After heating, it will be discomposed in decomposition furnace and then fed to kiln. Third air for decomposition furnace is from kiln hood.
為防止預(yù)熱器系統(tǒng)結(jié)皮堵塞，除在旋風(fēng)筒下設(shè)有膨脹倉外，還配有獨特的自動控制噴吹系統(tǒng)以及必要的空氣炮，保證預(yù)熱器系統(tǒng)的正常運行。
To avoid jam, expansion bin and automatic-control blowing system and necessary compressed air devices will be adopted to guarantee normal running of pre-heater.
從回轉(zhuǎn)窯進入篦冷機的高溫熟料，由篦板下鼓入的冷空氣急速冷卻，出篦冷機的熟料溫度為環(huán)境溫度+65℃，冷卻、破碎后的熟料由鏈斗輸送機送入熟料庫。
Hot clinker feeding to great cooler will be cooled rapidly by cold air from blower under grate board. Outgoing clinker from grate cooler is 65℃ higher than ambient temperature. Then clinker will be fed to clinker silo by bucket-chain conveyor.
出篦冷機高溫廢氣一部分作為窯用二次空氣入窯；一部分由三次風(fēng)管送到分解爐作為燃燒空氣；剩余廢氣經(jīng)窯頭電收塵器凈化處理后排入大氣。電收塵器收下的粉塵經(jīng)鏈運機送到熟料鏈斗機上入熟料庫。
Hot waste gas from grate cooler is divided into four parts: part of it is sent to kiln as secondary air, part of it is sent to decomposition furnace as burning air by tertiary duct, and the rest is drained to the atmosphere after purified by electric dust collector at kiln head. Dust collected by electric dust collector will fed to bucket-chain conveyor by chain conveyor.
4.1.4.8熟料儲存Clinker storage
出冷卻機的熟料由鏈斗輸送機送入兩座φ18×36m熟料庫中儲存�？們α�26000噸，儲存期17天。為方便熟料外運，庫側(cè)設(shè)有熟料散裝系統(tǒng)。
This section will adopt two silos with the size of Φ18×36m. Total capacity is 26000t and storage period is 17days. Lateral clinker bulking systems is set at the side of silos.
熟料由庫底計量設(shè)備卸出后，用帶式輸送機送入水泥磨。
Clinker will be fed to cement mill by belt conveyor after discharged by weighing machines at the bottom of silos.
4.2.5.9水泥配料及粉磨Cement blending and grinding
粉磨系統(tǒng)設(shè)一座石膏配料倉。配料倉由倉底微機配料秤按設(shè)定的比例搭配，熟料由庫底微機配料秤按設(shè)定的比例搭配后，由帶式輸送機送入水泥磨內(nèi)粉磨。
A gypsum bin is adopted. Computerized balance under the gypsum bin will be used for material blending. The clinker and gypsum will be fed to cement mill by belt conveyor after proportioned according to cement modulus requirements.
水泥粉磨選用兩套由φ3.5×13m管磨機和N-1500型O-SEPA選粉機組成的閉路粉磨系統(tǒng)，臺時產(chǎn)量50t/h。出磨后的水泥用斗式提升機和空氣輸送斜槽送入O-SEPA選粉機中分選，粗粉返回磨內(nèi)再次粉磨；成品隨氣流進入氣箱脈沖袋收塵器，被收集下來后由空氣輸送斜槽和斗式提升機送入水泥庫中儲存。
Twoφ3.5×13m model tube cement mills equipped with N-1500 model O-SEPA air separator will be adopted for cement grinding. Its capacity is 50t/h per set. Cement discharged from cement mill will be fed to O-SEPA air separator by bucket elevator and air slide. Coarse powder will return to mill for regrinding. Finished product will be sent to impulse bag filter. After collected by the bag filter, it will be fed to cement silo by air slide and bucket elevator.
4.1.4.10水泥儲存Cement storage
設(shè)4座φ15×41m帶減壓錐的水泥均化庫儲存出磨水泥，總儲量28000t，儲期15天。均化用氣由庫底羅茨風(fēng)機供給。
Four silos (size:φ15×41m; total storage capacity: 28,000t, storage period: 15days) equipped with depressurizing cones will be used for cement storage. Air used for homogenizing is supplied by Roots blowers under cement silos.
4.2.5.11水泥包裝及成品庫Cement packing and finished product storehouse
水泥包裝選用二臺八嘴回轉(zhuǎn)式包裝機，每臺包裝能力為100t/h。
Two 8-spout packers will be used for cement packing. Packing capacity is 100t/h per set.
來自水泥庫均化后的水泥由提升機送入振動篩，篩去雜物后進入衡壓倉，再進入八嘴回轉(zhuǎn)式包裝機包裝成袋裝水泥，由帶式輸送機送至24×70m成品庫內(nèi)堆放。
Cement will be fed to vibrating screen by bucket elevator. Then cement will be fed to constant pressure bin. After that, it will be packed by eight-spout packer and transported to finished product storehouse by belt conveyor.
水泥包裝時，每袋重量由電子秤計量和調(diào)節(jié)。
Weight of bagged cement is weighed and adjusted by electric balance.
包裝系統(tǒng)設(shè)有完善的除塵設(shè)施，可保證廢氣達標(biāo)排放。
Good dust collecting system is set for cement packing to guarantee dust emission standard.
4.1.4.12 中央化驗室 Central lab
廠區(qū)內(nèi)設(shè)一座中央化驗室，負(fù)責(zé)進出廠原料、燃料、半成品和成品的常規(guī)化學(xué)分析及物理檢驗，以保證全廠各生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，對水泥產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量進行調(diào)度、管理和監(jiān)督。
A central lab is set in the plant to carry out normal chemical and physical tests of raw materials, fuel, semi-products and finished product, guarantee product quality in each section and adjust, manage, monitor quality of cement product.
4.1.4.13 工藝生產(chǎn)流程圖 Process flow sheet
本工程生產(chǎn)工藝流程見圖。Refer to related drawing.
4.1.5 計量設(shè)施 Weighing facilities
為加強生產(chǎn)各個環(huán)節(jié)的管理，執(zhí)行相關(guān)計量法規(guī)，掌握各個工段生產(chǎn)狀況。本項目從原燃料進廠到水泥成品出廠的各個工段設(shè)置了計量設(shè)施，并在機構(gòu)配置上設(shè)有專門計量管理人員，對計量設(shè)施進行管理、維護，使工廠達到計量合格要求。具體配置見表。
Measuring facilities and special measuring personnel are arranged at all necessary parts in the production line to guarantee good quality of product and to control production conditions.
全廠物料計量設(shè)備表List of weighing equipment
|
序號
No.
|
計量物料名稱
Material
|
計量設(shè)施安裝位置
Position
|
設(shè)施形式
Name of equipment
|
數(shù)量
Qty.
|
備 注
Remark
|
|
1
|
進廠各原、燃料
Raw materials and fuel
|
進廠門口
Entrance gate of the plant
|
汽車衡
Platform scale
|
1
|
|
|
2
|
入生料磨石灰石
Limestone to be fed to raw mill
|
配料庫庫底
Under material blending bin
|
調(diào)速配料秤
Speed-governable balance
|
1
|
|
|
3
|
入生料磨砂
sand to be fed to raw mill
|
配料庫庫底
Under material blending bin
|
調(diào)速配料秤
Speed-governable balance
|
1
|
|
|
4
|
入生料磨鐵粉
Iron powder to be fed to raw mill
|
配料庫庫底
Under material blending bin
|
調(diào)速配料秤
Speed-governable balance
|
1
|
|
|
5
|
入窯生料
Raw meal to be fed to kiln
|
窯尾喂料倉出口
Discharging point of weighing bin at kiln inlet
|
調(diào)速皮帶秤
Speed-governable balance
|
1
|
|
|
6
|
入水泥磨熟料
Clinker to be fed to cement mill
|
熟料庫庫底
Under clinker silo
|
調(diào)速配料秤
Speed-governable balance
|
4
|
|
|
7
|
入水泥磨石膏
Gypsum to be fed to cement mill
|
磨頭倉出口
Discharging point of feeding bin of mill
|
調(diào)速配料秤
Speed-governable balance
|
2
|
|
|
8
|
入水泥磨混合材
Admixture to be fed to cement mill
|
磨頭倉出口
Discharging point of feeding bin of mill
|
調(diào)速配料秤
Speed-governable balance
|
2
|
|
|
9
|
袋裝水泥
Bagged cement
|
包裝機
Packer
|
電子秤
Electric balance
|
2
|
|
4.1.6 生產(chǎn)車間檢修設(shè)施Maintenance facilities
（1）對于露天布置設(shè)備的檢修可由工廠自備一臺吊車，或從外面租借吊車解決。既節(jié)省了一些很少使用的檢修設(shè)備，又節(jié)約了土建、電氣投資。
The plant can buy or rent a crane to repair open-arranged equipment. In this way, investment on equipment, electricity and civil engineering can be saved.
（2）對于受條件限制或無法露天但平時很少檢修的設(shè)備，如破碎機、風(fēng)機等，在其設(shè)備廠房的上方，設(shè)檢修吊鉤，以備檢修時臨時掛葫蘆使用。
For equipment which can not be open-arranged but is rarely used (such as crusher and fan), maintenance lifting hook is set on ceiling of the workshop.
（3）對于檢修時頻繁使用起吊設(shè)備的地方，設(shè)置電動葫蘆。如窯頭、窯尾起吊耐火磚；生料磨、水泥磨裝球等分別設(shè)有電動葫蘆。
For equipment which is frequently used, electric hoist is set. For example, electric hoists are used to lift refractory bricks at kiln inlet and kiln head and to lift steel balls at raw meal grinding workshop and cement grinding workshop.
4.2 電氣及生產(chǎn)過程自動化Electric and automation
4.2.1 電氣Electric
4.2.1.1 供電電源Power source
主電源由公共供電網(wǎng)供電，供電電源為 10 kV。
Power is mainly supplied by public power supply net. Voltage is 10 KV.
4.2.1.2 電壓等級Power voltage
配電電壓 10kV
Distribution voltage:10kV
低壓 0.4kV
Low voltage: 0.4kV
4.2.1.3 工程用電負(fù)荷及電耗 Powder demand
總裝機容量 14500kW
4.2.2 生產(chǎn)過程自動化Processing automation
4.3.2.1 設(shè)計原則 Design principle
為滿足現(xiàn)代化水泥生產(chǎn)線的工藝要求，保證工藝設(shè)備可靠運行，穩(wěn)定工藝參數(shù)，保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，節(jié)約能源，提高生產(chǎn)線的運轉(zhuǎn)率。本工程采用技術(shù)先進，性能可靠，PLC計算機控制系統(tǒng)，對主生產(chǎn)線集中監(jiān)視、操作和分控制，可有效提高電控設(shè)備的可靠性和可維護性，實現(xiàn)控制、監(jiān)視、操作的現(xiàn)代化。對包裝車間，采用PLC現(xiàn)場控制站和現(xiàn)場操作站進行控制、監(jiān)視和操作，其信號通過高速通信網(wǎng)與中控室操作站連接。通過中控室操作站與工廠管理計算機的網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接，使管理人員隨時掌握工廠的實際情況，實現(xiàn)管理現(xiàn)代化。
In order to reach to modern cement process requirements, guarantee reliable running of process equipment, stabilize process parameters, improve quality of product, increase running rate of production line and save investment, advanced, reliable PLC computerized control system will be used to realize centralized monitoring and separate controlling of main production line. In this way, reliability of electric control equipment is enhanced, maintenance is easier and automatic control is realized. For cement packing workshop, PLC field control station and field operation station will be adopted. Signal will send to central control room by high-speed communication net and then send to managing computer, so that management personnel can know working conditions at any time, thus management modernization can be realized.
4.3 給水排水Water supply and drainage
4.3.1
設(shè)計原則：貫徹節(jié)約用水、充分利用水資源，節(jié)約用地、節(jié)省投資的原則。
Design principle: saving water and earth, full use of water resource and saving investment
4.3.2 用水量 Water amount
（1）全廠生產(chǎn)用水量 9654m3/d
其中：循環(huán)用水量 8665m3/d
生產(chǎn)直耗水量 787m3/d(其中:中水回用414m3/d)
輔助生產(chǎn)用水量 202m3/d
Production water of the whole plant: 9654m3/d
Including: Circulation water: 8665m3/d
Production consumption water: 787m3/d (reuse: 414m3/d)
Auxiliary production water: 202m3/d
（2）循環(huán)回水量 8419m3/d
Returned circulation water: 8419m3/d
（3）循環(huán)補充水量 246m3/d
Supplement circulation water: 246m3/d
（4）循環(huán)水利用率 97.1%
Usage rate of circulation water: 97.1%
（5）消防補充水量 180m3/d
Supplement fire-fighting water: 180m3/d
（6）廠區(qū)生活用水量 80m3/d
Living water in the plant: 80m3/d
4.3.3 供水水壓pressure of supplied water
水壓 Water pressure
生產(chǎn)用水水壓：車間管道進口壓力采用0.25～0.35MPa，增濕塔回流式噴嘴進口壓力采用3.3MPa。生活用水滿足用水點水壓要求。消防水壓：室外消火栓出口壓力不低于0.1MPa，室內(nèi)消火栓水壓滿足最不利點滅火要求。
Pressure of production water: 0.25～0.35MPa at inlets of workshop pipes, 3.3MPa at inlet of backflow spout of humidity tower. Pressure of living water: according to water usage points. Pressure of fire-fighting water: at outlets of outdoors fire hydrants≥0.1MPa; For indoors fire hydrants: comply with water pressure requirement of most disadvantageous points.
4.3.4 供水系統(tǒng) Water supply system
（1）生產(chǎn)循環(huán)供水系統(tǒng)Water supply system for production and circulation
為了充分利用水資源，節(jié)約用水，各車間生產(chǎn)設(shè)備冷卻水采用密閉式回流、余壓上塔循環(huán)冷卻系統(tǒng)。本方案可節(jié)省一組上塔熱水泵和熱水池，減少設(shè)備和構(gòu)筑物，且節(jié)約能源，減少用地，降低投資，循環(huán)水利用率高。經(jīng)冷卻塔（GBNL3-350型，Q＝350.0m3/h，N＝11kW，一座）冷卻后的水自流入循環(huán)給水池，再由循環(huán)泵（2G250WFB-FD型，Q=260.0m3/h，H=55.0m，N=90kW，三臺，兩用一備)加壓供給各生產(chǎn)車間設(shè)備冷卻用水點。循環(huán)過程中的損失水量由生產(chǎn)、生活管網(wǎng)補給。
In order to save water, cooling water for production equipment in each workshop will adopt close backflow and spare pressure sent to tower circulation cooling system. A group of hot water pump and hot water pool can be saved. Circulation water usage factor is high and equipment, constructions, energy, earth and investment can be decreased. Water cooled by a GBNL3-350 model cooling tower (Q＝350.0m3/h，N＝11kW) will naturally flow to circulation water pool and will be pressurized by circulation pumps (2G250WFB-FD model, Q=260.0m3/h，H=55.0m，N=90kW, two are using and one is backup) and then sent to cooling water usage points in the plant. Water loss in circulation is supplemented by production and living piping net.
（2）生活、消防供水系統(tǒng)Water supply system for fire fighting and living
本工程的車間生活用水、消防用水、輔助生產(chǎn)用水、窯頭篦冷機噴水、部分增濕塔噴水（另外部分由中水回用供給）由該系統(tǒng)供給。生活水池的水經(jīng)生活泵（2G80WFB-C型，Q=45m3/h，H=57m，N=22kW，二臺，一用一備）加壓后供給全廠使用。系統(tǒng)中設(shè)置了一座高位水池（V=500m3）以便水量調(diào)節(jié)，并儲存消防用水量。
This system will supply living water, fire fighting water, auxiliary production water, flushing water for grate cooler and part of flushing water for humidity tower. There are two living pumps, one is using and one is backup. The pump has 2G80WFB-C model, capacity of 45m3/h, height of 57m and power of 22kW. Water in living pool will be pressurized by living pump and then sent to living water usage points in the plant. A pool (V=500m3) is set at high position to adjust water amount and to store fire fighting water.
增濕塔、篦冷機用水另設(shè)加壓泵單獨加壓（增濕塔噴水加壓泵型號為DG25-50×9型，Q=25m3/h，H=450m，N=75kW，二臺，一用一備；窯頭篦冷機噴水加壓泵為D12-50×3型，Q=9m3/h，H=165m，N=15kW，二臺，一用一備）。
Pressure pumps are adopted for water supply of humidity tower and grate cooler. There are two pressure pumps for humidity tower, one is using and one is backup. The pump has DG25-50×9 model, capacity of 25m3/h, height of 450m and power of 75kW. There are two pressure pumps for grate cooler, one is using and one is backup. The pump ha, s D12-50×3 model, capacity of 9m3/h, height of 165m and power of 15kW.
4.4 建筑結(jié)構(gòu)Building and structure
4.4.1 建筑Building
4.5.1.1 設(shè)計原則 Design principle
根據(jù)全廠平面布局，工藝生產(chǎn)流程以及生產(chǎn)設(shè)備確定建筑, 物的開間、跨度和空間。由于水泥廠生產(chǎn)車間各建筑物、構(gòu)筑物形式各不相同，所以將運用, , 建筑手段來統(tǒng)一建筑形式，并遵守技術(shù)先進、經(jīng)濟合理、安全適用、確保質(zhì)量的設(shè)計原則。
Areas, positions and spans should be decided according to general layout, process flow and equip, , ment. The design chooses security, economic and reasona, ble building plan should be chosen.
4.4.2 結(jié)構(gòu) Structure, ,
4.4.2.1 結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計原則 Design principle
在滿足工藝和使用要求的前提下，選擇合理的結(jié)構(gòu)方案和結(jié)構(gòu)形式，做到安, 全、經(jīng)濟、適用。
Reasonable, safe, economica, l an, d practical structure plan and structure, , types s, houl,, , , , , , , d be chosen to comply with process, , requirements and usage requirements.
4.4.2.2 結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計Structure design
（1）結(jié)構(gòu)選型Selection of structure
水泥廠工藝流程復(fù)雜，設(shè)備多，荷重大，各樓層孔洞﹑倉斗繁多，其位置和形狀均無規(guī)則，為滿足設(shè)備布置要求，柱網(wǎng)尺寸一般較大，為保證建﹑構(gòu)筑物的整體性并滿足工藝生產(chǎn)要求，主要廠房一般采用現(xiàn)澆鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)方案，次要建筑及部分輔助車間可采用砌體結(jié)構(gòu)。
Cement plant has the following characteristics: complex process, many machines, big load, many holes, hoppers and bins and irregular forms. In order to comply with equipment arrangement requirements, size of pillar net is usually big. Main workshops usually use site-casting reinforced concrete structure and minor buildings and auxiliary workshops can use step structure.
多層廠房：如窯頭、磨房、破碎車間、煤粉制備和水泥包裝等，采用現(xiàn)澆鋼筋混凝土框架結(jié)構(gòu)，基礎(chǔ)采用鋼筋混凝土獨立基礎(chǔ)或樁基礎(chǔ)。
Multi-layer workshop such as kiln head, grinding, crushing, pulverized coal preparation and cement packing workshops: adopting site-casting reinforced concrete frame; foundation will use reinforced concrete separate foundation or pile foundation.
窯尾預(yù)熱器塔架：窯尾煙室平臺以下部分采用現(xiàn)澆鋼筋混凝土框架，以上部分采用鋼結(jié)構(gòu)。窯尾煙囪采用薄壁鋼結(jié)構(gòu)，以窯尾塔架作其支撐�；A(chǔ)采用鋼筋混凝土彈性地基梁或樁基礎(chǔ)。
Frame of pre-heater: the part under platform of smoke chamber will use site-casting reinforced concrete frame while the upper part use steel structure. Chimney at kiln inlet will use thin-wall steel structure with kiln inlet frame as support. Foundation of pre-heater frame will use reinforced concrete elasticity foundation beam or pile foundation.
輔助原料聯(lián)合預(yù)均化堆場，采用鋼筋混凝土柱，屋蓋采用網(wǎng)架結(jié)構(gòu)，屋面及墻面采用彩色壓型鋼板，基礎(chǔ)采用鋼筋混凝土獨立基礎(chǔ)。
Pre-homogenizing stockyard for auxiliary materials: adopting reinforced concrete pillar; room lid will use net structure; roof and wall will use profiling steel plate; foundation will use reinforced concrete separate foundation.
中、小跨度的單層廠房：采用輕鋼門式剛架，屋面及墻面采用彩色壓型鋼板，基礎(chǔ)采用鋼筋混凝土獨立基礎(chǔ)。
Single-layer workshop with medium or small span: adopting light steel portal frame; roof and wall will use profiling steel plate; foundation will use reinforced concrete separate foundation.
圓筒倉：熟料庫、水泥庫和生料均化庫等采用現(xiàn)澆鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)，基礎(chǔ)采用鋼筋混凝土環(huán)形、圓板形基礎(chǔ)或樁基礎(chǔ)。
Silo: clinker silo, cement silo and raw meal homogenizing silo, etc will adopt site-casting reinforced concrete structure; foundation will adopt ring-type reinforced concrete foundation, round-plate-type reinforced concrete foundation or pile foundation.
大型設(shè)備基礎(chǔ)：如窯基礎(chǔ)一般采用鋼筋混凝土墻式基礎(chǔ)，磨機基礎(chǔ)及破碎機基礎(chǔ)一般采用大塊式鋼筋混凝土基礎(chǔ)。
Foundation of large equipment: for kiln, reinforced concrete wall-type foundation is usually used; for mill and crusher, reinforced concrete block foundation is usually used.
輸送天橋：架空皮帶廊除工藝要求采用封閉的外，其余盡量采用開敞式結(jié)構(gòu)，僅設(shè)鍍鋁鋅彩色壓型鋼板皮帶機罩。支柱采用鋼管承重結(jié)構(gòu)，基礎(chǔ)采用鋼筋混凝土獨立基礎(chǔ)或樁基礎(chǔ)。
Conveying over-bridge: if not required by process specialty, open structure with galvanized profiling steel plate belt covers will be adopted for belt conveyor passages; pillar will use steel tube structure; foundation will use reinforced concrete separate foundation or pile foundation.
adopted.
4.5 環(huán)境保護 Environment protection
4.5.1 主要污染源及污染物 Main pollution sources and pollutants
4.5.1.1 煙塵和粉塵Mist and dust
水泥廠對環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生影響的主要污染物是煙塵和粉塵，主要產(chǎn)生于物料破碎、輸送、煅燒、粉磨、儲存、包裝等生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)。最大的煙塵排放源是窯尾排氣筒。
Dust is the main pollutants of cement plant. It is generated in material crushing, transporting, burning, grinding, storage and packing, etc. Mist is mainly generated from gas pump at kiln inlet.
4.5.1.2 廢氣 Waste gas
在窯尾排放的廢氣中除煙塵外，還含有NOx和SO2等有害氣體。
Of the waste gas emitted at kiln inlet, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), etc are poisonous gases which have bad influences on environment.
4.5.1.3 廢水 Waste water
排放的廢水包括生產(chǎn)廢水和生活污水。排放的生產(chǎn)廢水主要是設(shè)備冷卻水循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的排污水；生活污水主要是食堂、辦公樓等排放的生活洗滌水及糞便污水。本工程生產(chǎn)廢水和生活污水經(jīng)過處理凈化后回收利用。
Drained sewage includes production sewage and living sewage. Production sewage is mainly cooling water of equipment; living sewage is mainly washing water and other organic sewage from canteen and office building. Production sewage and living sewage will be purified and reused.
4.5.1.4 噪聲 Noise
強噪聲源主要有破碎機、磨機、空壓機及風(fēng)機等，其聲源強值一般為80～115dB(A)。
Noise sources are crushers, mills, air compressors and fans. Their decibels are between 80 and115dB (A).
4.5.2防治污染的方案 Pollution treatment measures
4.5.2.1 粉塵和煙塵的防治措施 Treatment measures for mist and dust
為了有效地控制粉塵和煙塵的排放，以減輕其對周圍環(huán)境的影響，本工程設(shè)計采取以防為主的方針，從工藝流程上盡量減少揚塵環(huán)節(jié)；選擇揚塵少的設(shè)備；粉狀物料輸送采用密閉式輸送設(shè)備；物料轉(zhuǎn)運盡量降低排料落差，以減少粉塵飛揚；粉狀物料儲存采用密閉圓庫。
To control emission of mist and dust and to reduce bad influences on environment, several measures are taken. For example, choose equipment which generates less dust; adopt close type conveying equipment for powder; adopt close round silo for powder material storage and decrease dropping distance of material transferring.
本工程在所有的煙粉塵排放點均設(shè)置了技術(shù)可靠、效率高的收塵器。窯尾廢氣量大、含塵濃度高，是本工程最大的煙塵排放源，設(shè)計選用高效的電收塵器，經(jīng)除塵凈化后，窯尾煙塵排放濃度≤50mg/Nm3，經(jīng)85m高的排氣筒排放。
Reliable and high-efficiency dust collectors are adopted at all dust generated points. Dust amount and dust concentration is the most at kiln inlet in this project, so high-efficiency electric dust collector is selected. After purifying, dust emission at kiln inlet is no more than 50mg/Nm3. it is drained by drainage pipe with height of 85m.
4.5.2.2 廢氣排放 Treatment measures for waste gas
SO2的排放 SO2 (Sulphur dioxide)
燒成系統(tǒng)窯尾排放的SO2主要是由水泥原料和燃料中的單質(zhì)硫和硫化物氧化或分解產(chǎn)生的，由于在窯中大部分SO2被物料中的氧化鈣和其它堿性氧化物吸收形成硫酸鈣及亞硫酸鈣等物質(zhì)進入熟料，所以窯尾SO2的實際排放量很少。窯外分解窯的吸硫率可達98％。本工程計算排放濃度約為12mg/Nm3，低于本工程所執(zhí)行的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，可直接排放。
In reaction, Sulphur in raw materials and fuel will form into Sulphur dioxide (SO2), which will emitted at kiln inlet. Sulphur dioxide (SO2) emission is little because it will react with Calcium oxide or other Basic oxide to produce Calcium sulfate or Calcium sulfite and will leave in clinker. Sulphur absorption rate can reach to 98％ if adopting new technology of pre-discomposing kiln. According to preliminary calculation, Sulphur dioxide discharge in this plan is about 12mg/Nm3. It complies with discharging standard and can be discharged directly.
4.5.2.3噪聲控制 Noise control
水泥廠生產(chǎn)中噪聲大的設(shè)備較多，為了控制噪聲污染，設(shè)計時從降低聲源源強值及傳播途徑上加以控制，盡量選用噪聲低的設(shè)備；在羅茨風(fēng)機和空壓機進、出口處加設(shè)消聲器，以降低這些設(shè)備的噪聲；在總圖布置上盡量將強噪聲源布置在遠(yuǎn)離廠界處，并盡可能利用建構(gòu)筑物來阻隔聲波的傳播；對有強噪聲源的車間采用封閉式或半密閉式廠房；同時在車間外盡可能搞好綠化，以其屏蔽作用使噪聲受到一定程度的阻隔，以減輕對周圍環(huán)境的影響。
There are many noise sources. In order to control noise pollution, low noise equipment should be chosen as possible. Mufflers are adopted at both inlets and outlets of Roots blower and air compressors. High noise resources are set far from boundary plant. High noise resources are set in close or semi-close rooms. Buildings and structures are used for noise preventing. By planting trees and bushes at spare area can absorb some noise.
4.5.3 環(huán)境綠化 Greening
搞好綠化，既可美化環(huán)境，還可以在一定程度上起到吸塵隔塵、凈化空氣、降低噪聲影響的作用。綠化以廠內(nèi)道路兩側(cè)條帶地段及場地邊坡綠化為主，車間四周空地綠化為輔。對有大量粉塵產(chǎn)生的堆場四周種植一些闊葉、抗塵吸塵樹種作為防護帶，盡量減少粉塵的擴散。對行政管理及輔助生產(chǎn)設(shè)施區(qū)域給予重點綠化以美化環(huán)境。
Greening is very useful in beautifying environment, absorbing dust and noise and purifying air. Greening at both sides of road and in sloping fields will be main greening measures, while greening in spare area around workshops is auxiliary. Around stockyard which can generate much dust, planting broadleaf trees and dust absorbing trees can form the dust protective belt. Area around management buildings and auxiliary production rooms is key greening place.
